What did the Kellogg-Briand Pact establish in 1928?

The Kellogg-Briand Pact, signed in 1928, primarily established a principle of collective security through its commitment to renounce war as a means of resolving disputes. The agreement was intended to promote peaceful means of conflict resolution in the aftermath of World War I and the devastation it caused. By encouraging nations to resolve their issues through diplomacy rather than armed conflict, the pact emerged as a hopeful yet ultimately unrealistic aspiration for international cooperation.

The context of this treaty includes the broader disillusionment with war during the 1920s, leading many nations to desire a formal declaration against aggressive military actions. While the pact's intention was noble, it lacked enforcement mechanisms, ultimately failing to prevent subsequent conflicts such as World War II.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of the Kellogg-Briand Pact. The agreement did not focus on economic cooperation, did not serve as an alliance against communism, nor was it a military treaty designed to formalize coercive or defensive military commitments among major powers.