What economic initiative was implemented by Stalin during his leadership?

Stalin implemented the Five Year Plans as a central part of his economic strategy to rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union and transform it into a global power. The First Five Year Plan, which began in 1928, aimed to increase industrial output significantly, focusing on heavy industries like steel, coal, and machinery, while also collectivizing agriculture. This ambitious initiative marked a departure from the previous economic policies and sought to eliminate small-scale farming in favor of state-controlled farms, thus consolidating agricultural production and increasing efficiency.

The success of the Five Year Plans can be measured in terms of rapid industrial growth and the establishment of a command economy, which was a hallmark of Stalin's leadership. While there were significant human costs and challenges—such as widespread famine and labor camps—the overall goal of modernization and industrialization was achieved through this planned economy approach, distinguishing it significantly from other options like free market reforms, military expansion, or privatization of land.