What event triggered the French occupation of the Ruhr?

The French occupation of the Ruhr in 1923 was primarily triggered by Germany's inability to make reparation payments as stipulated in the Treaty of Versailles after World War I. Following the war, Germany was required to pay substantial reparations, which it struggled to fulfill due to a combination of economic difficulties, including hyperinflation and the ongoing economic impact of the war.

France, seeking to ensure reparations were paid, opted to occupy the Ruhr Valley, Germany's industrial heart, thereby facilitating control over German resources and production. This occupation was meant to pressure the German government into meeting its financial obligations. Consequently, the occupation led to significant consequences for both Germany and France, including strife within Germany and heightened tensions between the two nations.

The other events listed do not directly relate to the occupation. The failure to sign the Treaty of Versailles did not trigger the Ruhr occupation, as the treaty had been signed in 1919. The establishment of the League of Nations was part of the peace settlement but did not directly precipitate the crisis in the Ruhr. Lastly, while the stock market crash had far-reaching effects on the global economy, it occurred in 1929, which was after the events of the Ruhr occupation. The central focus remains on Germany's specific