What landmark decision was made in Roe vs. Wade in 1973?

The landmark decision made in Roe vs. Wade in 1973 was pivotal in legalizing abortion and affirming a woman's right to choose. The Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution protects a woman's right to privacy, which includes the decision to terminate a pregnancy. This ruling effectively invalidated many state laws that restricted access to abortion, asserting that such laws violated the right to personal liberty as guaranteed by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The decision was rooted in a belief that the choice of whether to carry a pregnancy to term should lie with the individual rather than the state, fundamentally altering the legal landscape regarding reproductive rights in the United States.

The other options provided relate to significant civil rights issues but do not connect to Roe vs. Wade. For instance, the legalization of same-sex marriage came later, equal pay discussions have a separate historical context, and women's suffrage was established much earlier in the 20th century. Hence, the response accurately reflects the centrality of Roe vs. Wade in the ongoing discourse around women's rights and bodily autonomy.