What was the primary outcome of the Treaty of St. Germain in 1919?

The Treaty of St. Germain, signed in 1919, primarily focused on the redefinition of territorial borders in Eastern Europe, specifically in relation to the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. This treaty marked the end of hostilities between the Allies and Austria, leading to significant territorial changes that shaped the political landscape of the region. It resulted in the recognition of new nations such as Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia and facilitated the transfer of territories to neighboring countries, including Italy, Romania, and Poland.

The establishment of the League of Nations, while a significant aspect of post-World War I peace initiatives, was a broader undertaking that resulted from the Treaty of Versailles and not specifically from the Treaty of St. Germain. The punishment of Germany is more relevant to the Treaty of Versailles, which primarily dealt with Germany's penalties after the war. Lastly, the creation of NATO occurred decades later, in 1949, as a response to the Cold War tensions, making it unrelated to the outcomes of the Treaty of St. Germain.