What was the primary purpose of the War Guilt Clause in the Treaty of Versailles?

The primary purpose of the War Guilt Clause in the Treaty of Versailles was to hold Germany and Austria-Hungary responsible for World War I. This clause, formally known as Article 231, asserted that Germany and its allies had caused the war and, consequently, were liable for reparations and other consequences stemming from the conflict. By assigning blame, the Allies were justified in imposing severe penalties and reparations, fundamentally reshaping the political landscape of Europe after the war.

This was a means to address the perceived need for justice and accountability following the extensive devastation of the war, and it intended to prevent any future aggression by placing the burden of guilt and responsibility squarely on the defeated powers. The ramifications of this clause had long-lasting effects on Germany, contributing to the rise of resentment and extremism in the interwar period, which ultimately influenced the course of history leading up to World War II.