Which movement focused heavily on the need for voter registration among African Americans?

The Freedom Summer, which took place in 1964, was a pivotal movement aimed specifically at increasing voter registration among African Americans in the South, particularly in Mississippi. This initiative was part of a broader civil rights campaign to combat voter discrimination and suppression, which were rampant due to Jim Crow laws and other systemic barriers. During Freedom Summer, activists organized a large-scale effort to educate and assist African Americans in registering to vote, as well as to challenge the hostile environment that often met those who attempted to do so.

The initiative attracted national attention, drawing hundreds of volunteers, primarily white college students, to assist with the registration process and to conduct community training. This movement was instrumental in highlighting the injustices faced by African Americans and laid groundwork for subsequent legislation aimed at ensuring civil rights and voting rights, such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

The other movements and initiatives mentioned, while also related to civil rights, focused on broader issues of racial equality or different forms of activism, rather than exclusively on the voter registration aspect that was the central theme of Freedom Summer.