Which series of conflicts took place in the Balkans before the onset of World War I?

The Balkan Wars were a series of conflicts that occurred in the Balkan region in the early 20th century, specifically from 1912 to 1913, leading up to World War I. These wars consisted of two distinct engagements. The First Balkan War took place from October 1912 to May 1913, where the Balkan League, comprising Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, and Bulgaria, fought against the Ottoman Empire to gain territory. The Second Balkan War occurred shortly thereafter, from June to August 1913, primarily involving Bulgaria against its former allies over the spoils of the First Balkan War.

These conflicts were significant as they altered the balance of power in Southeast Europe and heightened nationalistic tensions, especially among the Slavic nations, setting the stage for greater conflicts that contributed to the outbreak of World War I. The territorial gains and ethnic tensions resulting from the Balkan Wars intensified rivalries among the Great Powers, further destabilizing the region and creating a prelude to the larger global conflict that followed.

The other choices, while they represent important historical conflicts, are not relevant to the situation in the Balkans before World War I. The Franco-Prussian War relates to conflicts between France and Prussia in the 19th century, the Russian Civil