Which term is associated with Stokely Carmichael's shift in ideology?

Stokely Carmichael, a prominent civil rights activist, is best known for his role in the Black Power movement and for promoting the idea of Black Nationalism. His shift in ideology from a focus on integration to an emphasis on Black Nationalism marked a significant change in his perspective regarding the civil rights struggle.

Black Nationalism advocates for the economic, cultural, and political self-determination of Black people, highlighting the need for them to develop institutions and leadership that reflect their unique experiences and challenges. Carmichael initially worked within the framework of integration and advocated for cooperation with white allies in the fight against racism. However, as he evolved, he began to recognize systemic issues that he believed could not be addressed solely through integration. Instead, he argued that African Americans needed to create their own frameworks and communities to combat oppression effectively.

Carmichael's emphasis on Black Nationalism was characterized by a call for pride in Black culture and identity, a focus on community empowerment, and the establishment of independent political institutions. This shift helped to shape the broader narrative of the civil rights movement during the late 1960s, as it encouraged many to embrace Black pride and self-determination, rather than merely seeking acceptance within a predominantly white society.