Who was Thurgood Marshall?

Thurgood Marshall is best known as the first African-American justice on the United States Supreme Court, a groundbreaking achievement that marked a significant moment in the history of the judiciary and civil rights in America. Appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967, Marshall's tenure lasted until 1991, during which he became an influential voice on issues related to civil rights, equality, and justice.

His contributions to civil rights began long before his appointment to the Supreme Court; he was a prominent attorney and played a key role in numerous landmark cases, including Brown v. Board of Education, which successfully challenged racial segregation in public schools. This case was pivotal in advancing the civil rights movement, promoting the idea that segregation in public education was inherently unequal and unconstitutional.

The other choices, while related to civil rights and significant figures in American history, do not accurately describe Thurgood Marshall himself. Therefore, identifying him as the first African-American Supreme Court Justice highlights his unique and historic position in the United States judiciary.